Influence of light, water stress and shrub cover on sapling survival and height growth: the case of A. unedo, F. ornus and S. domestica under Mediterranean climate

Resprouter species are of great interest for Mediterranean forest resilience as they can survive fire or drought by activating dormant vegetative buds to produce regrowth. Understanding which factors control the early growth and survival these is needed develop strategies enhance stand resilience. In this study, three broadleaved resprouter species, two trees—Fraxinus ornus Sorbus domestica—and a shrub—Arbutus unedo—were planted under gradient pine cover. Sapling height were monitored 6 years, 2 years after their plantation, well light shrub We developed two-strata water balance model, produces stress index. aimed determine effect light, cover on sapling using modelling approach. found that high levels transmittance had negative impact both F. S. domestica, while it positive A. unedo growth. Water was negatively affect all species. Lastly, an overall saplings, indicating facilitating shrubs. Our results suggest shade-tolerant tree like domestica more suited moderate cover, photoinhibition-tolerant adapted open conditions. To maximize growth, we recommend preserving shrubby understorey when present.